The Anatomical Museum of the University of Siena, as we see it today, was set up after the transfer of the Institute of Normal Human Anatomy from the old headquarters of the Biological Institutes in via Laterina to the current one, in the Scientific Pole of San Miniato. This site was inaugurated in 2001, after some restructuring interventions, recovery of the preparations, the didactic models, the anatomical tables and part of the ancient furnishings.

The Anatomical Museum of Siena is named after Professor Leonetto Comparini who was director of the Institute of Normal Human Anatomy from 1966 to 1997. It offers an ideal path inside a nineteenth-century Institute of Human Anatomy when there were professional figures that have now disappeared, such as the " sector "(expert in the art of cutting) and the" preparer ", expert in the conservation of organs that he transformed into didactic tools according to the requests of the Anatomy teacher.

The collections are distributed in three rooms and a corridor.