The Palazzo dei Consoli constitutes, together with Piazza Grande and the overlooking Palazzo del Podestà, one of the most majestic and daring medieval urban realizations and testifies to the grandeur of the political and institutional project of the Municipality of Gubbio at the beginning of the fourteenth century. The construction of the monumental complex, decreed between 1321 and 1322, began in 1332 and involved high level figures such as the architect Angelo da Orvieto and the Eugubino Matteo di Giovannello known as "Gattapone". The complex was placed in the center of the urban fabric and for this reason it was necessary to modify the natural state of the land, building the hanging square to be able to connect the buildings.

The building was intended to be the seat of the main magistrates and institutes of the Free Municipality of Gubbio, such as the Consuls, the Gonfaloniere and the General Council of the People.

Since 1909 the building has been the seat of the Civic Museum which originated in 1456 with the purchase by the representatives of the Municipality of Gubbio of the famous Iguvine Tables and then enriched over the centuries thanks to acquisitions and donations. The museum collection, which today is divided into various sections and collections spread over five levels of the building, illustrates the history and culture of the Gubbio community from prehistoric times to the twentieth century.